According to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) reduces the risk of1:
Systemic embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves or atrial fibrillation
Primary and secondary venous thromboembolism
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Death in patients with AMI
To reduce the risk of hemorrhage during VKA therapy, the INR should not be allowed to rise above a desired therapeutic range2
For most conditions target range is 2.0 to 3.0
For some specific conditions target range is 2.5 to 3.5
ACCP guidelines for managing elevated INRs and bleeding1
Plan a strategy based on:
Current INR
Presence of bleeding
Time frame for required reversal
Reverse INR to desired range by*:
Changing warfarin dosage
Administering vitamin K or blood
products
* For complete information about INR reversal by condition, please see ACCP Guidelines available in Reference 1 cited below.
ACCP Guidelines recommend oral vitamin K
tablets to reverse elevated INR1
Oral vitamin K is well tolerated, effective, and convenient
Oral vitamin K has a low risk of overcorrecting an elevated INR
IV vitamin K is recommended when rapid reversal of INR is required
References:
Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, et al. The
pharmacology and management of the vitamin
antagonist: the seventh ACCP conference on
antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy.
Chest. 2004;126 (suppl 3):204S-233S
[erratum in: Chest.
2005;127:415-416.]
Wilson SE, Watson HG, Crowther MA. Low-dose
oral vitamin K therapy for the management of
asymptomatic patients with elevated international
normalized rations: a brief review. Can Med Assoc
J. 2004;170:821-824.